Commonwealth _ Lu Hong-

Commonwealth (Commonwealth ofNations) is the United Kingdom to other Member States of the Federation in the political, military, financial, economic and cultural influence of the organization. By the United Kingdom and has independent of the former British Empire colonized countries and associate countries. After the first world war, the United Kingdom forces undermines the independence of colonial people demanding will gradually replaced with Commonwealth of title of the British Empire. The Commonwealth does not establish any authority. The main organizations are as follows: the Federal Government, the Asia-Pacific region Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting, the Federal Ministers of finance and other professional meetings at ministerial level. Since 1965, the establishment of the Commonwealth Secretariat, its role is to promote the cooperation of the Commonwealth, planning the Commonwealth Conference at all levels. The Secretariat is based in London. Commonwealth (Taiwan translated large United Kingdom Association; English: Commonwealth ofNations) based on their historical origins and want to do with the world level federal, sometimes used in English called "British Commonwealthof Nations" or "BritishCommonwealth". It consists of 53 independent countries, the majority of the British Empire's former colonies, the head of State is Queen Elizabeth II, the United Kingdom, she is also involved in the Kingdom of 16 Commonwealth Heads of State. After the first world war, Empire gradually disintegrating, colonies were independent. In the 1920s, the United Kingdom began to consider a colonial independence. Westminster, 1931, the adoption of the Act, the creation of the Commonwealth. Their Member States, based on common historical background, are independent but maintain the relationship between freedom and equality. In 1946, its name by the "British Commonwealth ofNations" to "Commonwealth of Nations", has been followed ever since. Taiwan translated as "great United Kingdom Association", some more accurately. The Commonwealth is not a State, but rather a loose organization. Federation is a sovereign State, such as Germany, Russia, etc., precisely Commonwealthof Nations is one of the "Confederation" instead of "Federation", the Taiwan translation should be used in, or translated to "British Confederation". In addition to the following countries and regions, the British Empire before the territories and colonies were left in the Commonwealth: United States Egypt Sudan Burma (1948 independent) Ireland: independent of Member States still. Established in 1949, Ireland Republic of detachment. South Yemen: 1967 independent, unified Yemen proposed application for membership. Hong Kong: 1 July 1997, after the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China. Zimbabwe: in 2002, the United Kingdom to suspend his membership for one year, on the ground that its governing contempt for human rights and election fraud. The country was angrily active exit. Fiji: December 2006 coup and cancellation of membership. Pakistan: has been discontinued membership 4 years, in May 2004. 2007 State of emergency after a retrogression in democracy, the event was discontinued membership. After the recovery. South Africa has exit, then join. Mozambique former colonies in Africa, Portugal, and the United Kingdom does not have origin, but in 1995 to join the special identity. Rwanda in 2009 from 28 November to join Commonwealth, becoming the second in history and the United Kingdom has no colonial relationship and the relationship between the Member States, of the Constitution. Commonwealth members a total of 53, namely: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, South Africa, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Kingdom, Vanuatu, Zambia, Pakistan, Rwanda. Pakistan in November 22, 2007 for termination of membership, may 12, 2008, once again restored the Commonwealth membership. Fiji in 2009 September 2 termination of membership. In addition, there are some of the associated countries of the Commonwealth and dependent territories of the former United Kingdom territory is included in the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth's total population of about 18 billion, accounting for about 30 per cent of the world's population, total trade accounts for one fifth of the world. Existing 53 members (November 22, 2007, the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group issued a statement that, in view of the Pakistan "fails to meet the return to constitutional requirements", Commonwealth decided to suspend Pakistan Commonwealth membership), of which 32 million for the population in the age of small States. April 27, Commonwealth day. Publications of the trend of the Commonwealth (bimonthly), "today the Commonwealth and Commonwealth Guide. Since 1930, the Commonwealth country every four years a comprehensive games: Commonwealth Games (now) the Commonwealth is not a national or Central Government. The King is head of the Commonwealth's behalf. Commonwealth no authority, United Kingdom and the Member States exchanging High Commissioner, representatives of diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level. With the economic and social development, progress, Commonwealth internal links are becoming unstable, and today, the United Kingdom is no longer the master of the British Commonwealth, the Commonwealth is only a loose, political and economic consultations and cooperation between organizations. November 2007, India in the United Kingdom High Commissioner card �� Kamalesh Sharma, held in Kampala in 2007 Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting, he was elected as the Commonwealth Secretariat since its inception in 1965 fifth Secretary-General. He was April 1, 2008 officially take over the former General Secretary Donald �� MacKinnon. The Commonwealth was formerly known as the British Empire, the United Kingdom and the dominions and the other is independent of the former colonies and dependencies. After the first world warUnited Kingdom, awed by the rising of colonial national liberation movement, adjusted with the other members of the British Empire. In 1926 the "meeting" of the British Empire Empire internal relations Committee, United Kingdom and by the colony became the Autonomous Republic of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa is the "free association of members of the Commonwealth", "equality, in the Interior and Foreign Affairs do not belong in any regard, only rely on the common allegiance to the British monarch on the spirit of unity together." In 1931, the Westminster act legally on this confirmation, the official formation of the Commonwealth. In 1947, India, Pakistan to their declared independence and join in the Commonwealth. In 1949, the Republic of India to become their own elected head of State. Since Commonwealth members by the evolution of loyalty to the principles of the British monarch as Commonwealth members "to accept the Crown as the Commonwealth of independent States, a symbol of freedom," the King is head of the "Commonwealth". The Commonwealth Secretariat and the permanent institutions are based in London, its organizations are: Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting, also known as the Commonwealth Summit, usually held once every two years, 1966 was held in London, since 1966 onwards in the Member States, chaired by the host Government. The meeting discussed on the Member States to have a significant effect on international issues, and to develop related common policy. But the Conference did not adopt any resolution of the general principle was not binding on the participating countries. Since the 1990s, the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting in Harare, Zimbabwe in Cyprus, Limassol, Auckland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom Edinburgh, South Africa's Durban, Australia in kurram, Nigeria Abuja and Valletta, Malta (Zimbabwe, in 2003, December 7, officially announced the exit of the Commonwealth). In November 2005, held in Malta Valletta, the capital of the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting, including the United Kingdom's Queen Elizabeth II, the United Kingdom Prime Minister Blair, Commonwealth of the 53 Member States Government leaders on anti-terrorism, immigration, corruption, and other issues were discussed. November 2007, the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting in Uganda's capital, Kampala, the Conference theme is "through the Commonwealth society in transition towards political, economic and human development". Meeting communiqu�� called on WTO members in negotiations shows good will and flexibility. Commonwealth next Government Summit will be held in the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Asia-Pacific region Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting from 1978 held once every two years to discuss regional issues of common concern. Commonwealth Ministers including the annual Conference of Ministers and not regular conferences, etc. The Commonwealth Secretariat was established in 1965, is responsible for the consultation between the Member States. The Commonwealth Foundation was established in 1966. In addition, the Commonwealth and some professional organizations such as the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, Commonwealth Press Union, the Commonwealth Broadcasting Association, the Commonwealth Youth Exchange Council, Commonwealth Sports Federation and the Commonwealth Association of art, etc.